Thursday 23 October 2014

How does the use of editing and cinematography create sadness in Charlie's mental breakdown sequence in The Perks of Being a Wallflower


The sequence opens as Sam and Patrick are leaving the main character, Charlie, as they move away to college. The performance of both actors, Emma Watson and Logan Lerman, paired with their body language and facial expressions show their obvious sadness about this situation. The camera is hand held and so shakes slightly, telling me Charlie feels unstable about his friends moving away. Along with this, the non-digetic music playing along with the scene is slow and uses string instruments, music that typically accompanies sad, depressing scenes.

A convention used in drama films is present in this part of the sequence. This genre focuses on its narrative and what the plot is about, normally following the life of an individual and their struggles. The narrative of a drama film is about real life situations, therefore, the characters and their surroundings must seem "normal." This convention is used in the sense that Charlie has to deal with the emotions he feels as his friend’s leave, something many people experience, making the film more relatable, encouraging more people to watch it.

A straight cut then leads us onto a mid-shot of Sam sitting down in the car. The camera shake is less noticeable, suggesting that she is saddened by this situation but not to the same degree that Charlie is. The more apparent camera shake reappears when a straight cut takes us to a close up of Charlie, standing in the drive way. Again, this reinforces the idea that he is distraught at the events and is becoming more unstable as he realises he is about to lose his friends.

To illustrate further how heartbroken and bewildered Charlie feels, a flashback shows a scene that was played earlier in the film. In the shot, Charlie and Sam are kissing and as he pulls away, he looks dazed. The straight cut to an over the shoulder shot reveals Sam's response, showing me she is concerned for Charlie and that she knows he is extremely uncomfortable but doesn't understand why. The low-key lighting darkens the location behind Charlie, representing his dark past which is revealed later in the film. Charlie hasn't yet told Sam about his past, hence the reason why the environment behind her was brighter.

Another straight cut is used to bring the film back to the present day where the final goodbyes are said. An extreme long shot allows us to see the car drive off, leaving behind a heavyhearted Charlie. A straight cut reveals another flashback, except this is a scene we have never seen before. An extreme close up of a hand rubs up against someone’s body, the camera tilting up slowly to reveal the hand belongs to Charlie's aunt. Another straight cut takes us back to Charlie in the present day, looking discontent. It is quite a long take with no dialogue to highlight the expression on Charlie's face. I feel this was included in the film to show how Charlie is slowly coming to terms with what his aunt done.

An extreme long shot shows a long road, Charlie coming into shot on the horizon. At this point, he seems small and isolated as he walks alone. The quick transition from present day to Charlie's younger years is shown by using a straight cut. The line "It'll be our little secret, okay?" and the shot of a younger Charlie, nodding to confirm whatever they were discussing is kept confidential. This reveals that their secret is the reason why he is suffering in the present day. Many snappy straight cuts then separate the past from the present, making the sequence seem choppy, showing how unorganised and messed up Charlie feels in his own head. Additionally, a split screen is used to show Charlie in multiple positions walking up the road. The two Charlie’s that walk behind the main one at the front may represent how his dark past is coming back to haunt him and it is always a burden, following him around.

When Charlie enters his house, there is a long shot using a canted angle, showing how distraught and mad Charlie is becoming. With the diegetic sound of the door closing, a straight cut leads to a flash back of Charlie's aunt dying in the car crash. The colour of the truck speeding towards the car is red, a colour that has connotations of blood, death and danger. The high key lighting caused by the bright headlights of the truck can represent "going towards the light" a saying which is associated with death, in this case, the passing of Charlie’s aunt. This gruesome, sad scene is then followed by multiple, short, shots of family photos in Charlie's house, separated by straight cuts. This is a juxtaposition of the previous scene, the first shot showing death is then contrasted by showing the happy childhood memories.

Another straight cut goes back to the canted angle shot where Charlie proceeds to bash his head against the door. The childhood photos return, this time, shown in an extreme close up. I feel this is done to show how Charlie, as he grew, lost his innocence as the next shot is another flashback to when the police came and told Charlie’s family his aunt had died. The sad non-diegetic music continues, making the sequence more emotional. Above all the noise, we start to hear Charlie chant, “It’s all my fault”, referring to the death of his aunt. This makes me feel sad because his aunt acted like the victim and made him feel guilty, even though he had done nothing wrong.

A straight cut then shows a long hallway. This shot uses low key lighting as the start of the hallway is lit dimly and the end is in complete darkness. Two jump cuts are then used to speed up how fast Charlie walks down the hallway. I feel this was an important sequence to include because it may represent Charlie looking back on the dark times in his life, the jump cuts showing how fast he is spiralling down into depression. A straight cut then shows a long shot of Charlie with his back to the camera, sitting at his desk. Again there is low key lighting, representing the dark thoughts he is reliving through a series of flashbacks.

A particular flashback stands out amongst the rest. Charlie relives a fight from earlier on in the film. When Charlie is about to punch the other character, there is a close up of his face and the whole shot is out of focus. This shows his aggressive outburst was a blur and that he didn’t realise what he was doing at the time because he was blinded by his anger. Yet, before he is about to swing, a straight cut flashes an image of his Aunts face for a split second, zooming in dramatically. Another straight cut then takes us back to the fight scene, the other character involved recoiling from the punch. The importance of this is to show how Charlie is beginning to realise the vile things his aunt done to him as a child. This is again a convention of a drama film as it is dealing with a real life situation. The main character was sexually abused as a child, something no one should ever go through yet unfortunately it happens each and every day. The journey that also led him to this climax is also a convention of this genre of film as Charlie’s character developed and went through a series of high and low moments until he reached this pinnacle moment.
                                       
The flashbacks and flashes forwards to the present day increase in number but the length of the shots decrease. The reason behind this is to show how conflicted Charlie is feeling. He is starting get his head around the fact that his aunt abused him but he is finding it difficult to come to terms with it. Next, a slow zoom into an extreme close up of the back of Charlie’s head is shown. It makes me feel like I am trying to put myself into Charlie’s body to try and empathise with him and understand how he is feeling in this situation. This creates sadness as I am not able to imagine how tough it must be for Charlie to realise what he had been through.


Towards the end of the scene, straight cuts are used to show several shots of Charlie’s house. The rooms are empty and therefore show how Charlie is feeling isolated and alone. This makes me feel sad for Charlie as no one is there for him in his time of need. This feeling of loneliness is reinforced as Charlie wanders into his kitchen, remembering (through the use of flashbacks) what he saw as a child, his aunt in a distressed state with self-harm scars on her wrist. A straight cut leads us back to Charlie, standing in his kitchen, the camera panning from left to right and tilting down slowly to reveal a knife on a chopping board beside Charlie. For me, this sequence is extremely upsetting as it ends on a slight cliff hanger, leaving me wonder whether or not Charlie went through with self-harming as a way of releasing his bottled up anger.

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